The Issue Of Age Legalization - 971 Words

At the age of 18, people are allowed to join armed forces for the service of the nation. They are able to risk their lives for the nation and its betterment. After joining the military, they travel to many places and countries where they have to do the service. They are able to make such decisions by themselves. In addition to that, the country has made cigarettes and tobacco legal for people aged older than 18. It is found that the effects of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages have similar kind of problems in body. Taking both in unmannered amount causes Emphysema, lung cancer, erectile dysfunction, high blood pressure and many other problems without seeing any age group. Yet, it is also found that taking one or two alcoholic beverages day can actually be beneficial to the body. So it does not matter about age legalization, rather it depends on the amount of consumption while concerning about the health of the people. However an age should be determined from when a person can drink alcoholic beverages legally and the age should be 18 instead of 21. To start drinking alcohol is taking a big step in life. A neat decision should be made to start drinking because one might get addicted to it. When a person turns 18, they are capable making their own decision by themselves and can decide if they should start drinking or not. While taking interviews with prof. Arvinda Jha, professor at Metro higher secondary school located in Nepal, he was asked some questionsShow MoreRelatedContinuous Debates about the Legalization of Marijuana Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Legalization of marijuana is a notorious topic in the world today, and like any other contentious subject, it has number of support, and opposition. The valid points for both sides are plentiful, and each side feels very strong about their position on the topic. Marijuana is a psychoactive drug used for medicinal purposes, and as an illicit drug (Earleywine 34). Marijuana is the most commonly used drug in the world today. Marijuana has a psychoactive effect, and this has made it recognizedRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On The United States1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The launching of the 1960’s brought with it a public health issue concerning the use and abuse of illegal drugs. Responding to the crisis, the US department of Justice established the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous drugs, which was designed to control illegal drugs, specifically marijuana. Building on the prohibition, in 1971 President Richard Nixon officially declared a â€Å"war on drugs†, which resulted in an increased federal role in the warfare by providing the federal governmentRead MoreBoth Sides of Legalizing Marijuana1316 Words   |  5 PagesHow has this change affected us both positively and negatively? It’s situations like these that will affect my generation and those to come. That is why it is important to soak in all of the knowledge you can, instead of staying ignorant to these issues. Marijuana is illegal in most cities in our country because of the effect it has on the human body. When marijuana is inhaled, THC is released into our bloodstream, brain, and organs. THC levels affect parts in the brain that focus on pleasure,Read MoreLegalization of Marijuana: A Review of the Literature1843 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal so he could make a name for himself. It stayed outlawed until November 6, 2012, when Colorado and Washington became the first state to legalize the sale and possession of cannabis for recreational use since 1937. The legalization of marijuana has become a hot-button issue in the last several years with fifty-eight percent of Americans wanting the drug to be legalized, surging ten percentage points since 2012. (Swift, 2013) A strong reason why many people changed their mind on keeping marijuanaRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Body1139 Words   |  5 PagesA major health issue that is seen with the use of marijuana is a loss of coordination. As a person uses the drug they begin to become slower and slower when an instantaneous reaction is required. For example, using marijuana can make it difficult for a person to simply catch a ball in the sport of baseball even if before using marijuana that same person did not have difficulty with this task. (â€Å"Marijuana†) The main ingredient in marijuana that has a negative effect on the body, specifically the brainRead MoreLegalization Of Legalization For Recreational Marijuana1204 Words   |  5 Pagesreality, it is more complex of an iss ue than we think. The opposing sides of legalization for recreational marijuana are so varied with many points of view to consider. Only a few of those views will be addressed in this article with simplified information to speak plainly on the subject. Bringing notice to the areas of the criminal justice system, economic revenue and wider medicinal availability versus the many public health concerns for adults and adolescents. Legalization for recreational marijuanaRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1725 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment allows it. The legalization of prostitution is a very controversial topic due to many people’s moral beliefs. Prostitutes all over the world are treated as outcasts. A reason for people to be against prostitution could be due to their religious beliefs, moral standpoints, or lack of knowledge over the subject. Many religions state that sex outside of marriage is a sin and those who do it should be looked down upon. Due to these beliefs people tend to be against the legalization of prostitution.Read MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pages7000 B.C. (Marijuana Legalization Timeline). In 1619, the colony of Jamestown in Virginia passed the first cannabis-related law, stating that it is required for all farmers to grow cannabis sativa or hemp plant because of its strong fiber that they used to make rope, sails and clothing (Marijuana Legalization Timeline). During the 1800s, cannabis extract medicines were produced by American pharmaceutical companies such as Eli Lilly, Parke-Davis and Squibb (Marijuana Legalization Timeline). In 1910Read MoreShould Drug Legalization Increase The Crime Rate?863 Words   |  4 PagesWill drug legalization increase the crime rate in our society? The issue of drug legalization in the United State is a complex one not only because crime related to drug abuse in the United States has fluctuated considerably over the past thirty years and that policy makers haven’t find an effective way to address this issue, but also because public polls about marijuana legalization has experienced dramatic shift. A recent survey conducted about marijuana legalization in the U.S found out thatRead MoreThe Revolution Of New Orleans1453 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve the illegalization of prostitution today to be an antiquated view of the trade, and want to see it legalized. However, prostitution should not see legalization due to it will promote more sexual unacceptable activities such as child prostitution, expand the sex trafficking trade, and escalate poor treatment to those in the trade. Legalization of prostitution will promote more sexual unacceptable activities such as child prostitution. It is estimated that about two million children are exploited

Dante s Paradise Lost, And Homer s Iliad - 2502 Words

Along with Milton’s â€Å"Paradise Lost† and Homer’s â€Å"Iliad† the â€Å"Commedia† of Dante Alighieri represents the very pinnacle of poetic accomplishment. The essay will look at the Vita Nouva as the praise of the miracle; for such was the marvelously beneficent lady, as long as she lived, as Dante often affirms. And in this miracle one can recognized a material attestation of Eternal Truths. And the divine comedy is the glorification of truth itself as revealed to Dante and subsequently to Dante’s readers now days. The Vita Nuova may be called the entrance of that solemn sanctuary, the Divine Comedy. This essay will look at Beatrice named, the bringer of beatitude, and her smile. Also Beatrice will be interpreted as the medium of beatitude itself to Dante the poet. The great poet [Dante] may be held in due honour and that he may be for the pupils the teacher of Christian doctrine, he whose one purpose in his poem was ‘to raise mortals from the state of misery’ that is from the state of sin, ‘and lead them to the state of happiness,’ that is the divine Grace. Echoing the words of Pope Benedict XV one can see that the principal aim of the â€Å"sacred poem† of Dante is doubtless to point out to the â€Å"people disposed to evil and deceived† the way to salvation, using as an example that which, under the vail of poetic imagery, that Dante gives one to understand happened in his own soul. This is the inquiry intended in this analysis of the Vita Nouva where Dante is the receiver of an epiphanyShow MoreRelatedThe View Of The Afterlife Essay1762 Words   |  8 PagesRenaissance, are influenced by this view. In particular works like the Odyssey by Homer or The Phaedo by Plato, explained to a certain level the structure of the afterlife in ancient Greece. These two pieces of literature severely influenced works like the book VI of the Aeneid by Virgil where he depicts the underworld referencing to the Greek point of view. But a deeper description of the underworld is given by Dante in his Divine Comedy where he uses Virgil as hi s guide, from the depths of hellRead MoreClassic vs Best Seller1539 Words   |  7 Pageslet us put up a humble mention of the works by Homer, Dante, Kalidasa, Tolstoy, Victor Hugo and the like. Traditionally, Homer is believed to be the composer of the great epics about the Trojan War, ‘The Iliad’ and ‘The Odyssey’ which laid the foundation stone for the magnificent voyage of the Greek and European literature. Chaucer’s ‘Canterbury Tales’, the epic poem, Dante’s ‘The Divine Comedy,’ Milton’s epic masterpiece, ‘Paradise Lost’ and ‘Paradise Regained’ profoundly influenced the western art

The story is dated and juvenile Free Essays

Highpockets, by John Tunis, is a baseball novel, first published by Scholastic Book Services in 1948. It is one of a series of books that Tunis has written on the subject of a fictionalized Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team. In this book the title character,   Cecil (Highpockets) McCade is   an unlikable rookie professional ball player in New York City. We will write a custom essay sample on The story is dated and juvenile or any similar topic only for you Order Now    He is totally selfish and is not liked by anyone on the team. He does not play for the team. He is only concerned with his own records and his money. He was a poor farm boy from North Carolina, and now that he is in the major leagues and playing in the outfield for a famous and well-loved team he thinks only of how it will profit him. He considers his siblings at home in North Carolina and thinks about how to pay for their schooling as well as pay off the mortgage on his family’s home. No one else matters. Before the end of this book the protagonist, Highpockets McCade, learns the importance of being a team player and that the praise of your team and friends is much more important than the cheers of the crowd or a good story from a sports writer. The book didn’t change my thoughts much, though I enjoyed the book. It seems to me that the lessons he learned should have been a part of his upbringing and his parents should have instilled better values in him to begin with. The turning point in his life, the incident that causes him to see the light, is an accident involving a boy. It is not McCade’s fault but he becomes friends with the boy and it changes his attitude and his life as he starts to become the team player that his teammates want and need. In a move that is so predicable that it seems right out of Hollywood, his team makes it to the playoffs and he makes the play that wins the game and the pennant. The story is dated and juvenile but has good values and is worth the reading. Bibliography Tunis, J.   Highpockets   New York: Scholastic Book Services 1948 How to cite The story is dated and juvenile, Papers

Ellen Moore - Living and Working in Korea free essay sample

Case Memo for Living and Working in Korea Problem Statement After Ellen been in Korea for a certain time, she found out that the Korean consultants were less experienced than expected. Besides that, tensions arose between her and the co-manager Jack, regarding who was given directions to the team and they escalated when the project fell behind schedule. At the same time, the Korean Mr. Song is blaming Ellen should be accountable for all problems, and Andrew needs to decide how to proceed so that the project gets completed. Analysis: Commitment Actually, the Korean consultants didn’t show too much commitment in the case. They used to work on control-narrowly defined jobs, implement the order and they never use to raise the idea of optimizing the work. They did their job follow the boss’s expectation in order to not getting fired, no any creative suggestion at all. Managing Interpersonal Conflict It seems two conflict parties have been established in the company, one is Korean, another is American. We will write a custom essay sample on Ellen Moore Living and Working in Korea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because Korean management clear mentioned they accepted to work with a qualified woman, however in the end, Ellen became a scapegoat, all of failure was imputed to her, and it was unfair for Ellen. Actually, for Korean management didn’t make a deep analysis to find the essential of the issue. Even though, Andrew will agree to replace Ellen, nobody knows whether it can solve all of problem at all. Disordered reporting line The reporting line is the most disordered what I have saw before. Overlap management: one staff have several superiors, for them it will be very difficult to deal when the superiors have different opinions. Skip grade reporting, one staff should report to someone and his or her superior at the same time, it will also be confused for staff who is the decision maker. The result might be everybody come the highest level people in the reporting line, however rest people will definitely unhappy about it. Recommendation Andrew has to meet with Korean top management to clarify the essential of the issue, make sure everybody has same understanding for current situation. Andrew should insist on Ellen is a qualified women which was proofed by Bahrain Project, and this project as well, e. g. good relationship with the consultants during Jack’s absence period. The problem is the communication between Jack and Ellen. The suggestion will be Jack and Ellen will have to meet once a week to talk about problems that arose. Every Friday they need to spend one or two hours on talking about what went right or wrong the past week. Everything what is said in this meeting will never be communicated to the other employees who work on the project. Nobody can get offended or compromised. Both of them will have to report the result to Andrew, Mr. Park and Mr. Song with other project information, including events, progress, problems, changes and difficulties. Due to the one month delay, all participants of the project need to meet in one big meeting to set targets, how to catch up the schedule in order to complete the project on time. Everybody at the meeting needs to know how serious the situation is and that everybody has to work harder to recover the lost time. The management of the company can implement awards to give incentives for people who would like to benefit from the extra work. Revised and optimized the reporting structure, the purpose is to have a clear reporting structure to make a effective communication, no overlap management and skip a grade reporting. All staff can easily take the order and implementation. To split current consultants to two teams and lead by Jack and Ellen respectively might be a good idea. It can let them compete each others, and performance will be comparable, it will be easily to evaluate who is doing better job.

The Beauty of the Monarch Butterfly free essay sample

This paper is a detailed essay about the Monarch Butterfly and the problems of preventing its extinction. This paper describes the Monarch Butterfly in great detail, such as why does it have the bright colors and what do they mean? It states that the life of a Monarch Butterfly is quite complicated. The Monarch Butterfly is watched closely to prevent it from being extinct. Table of Contents Butterflies are Invertebrates The Monarch Danaus Plexippus The Life Cycle of a Monarch Lincoln Brower and the Monarch Butterfly Brad Darrach and the Monarch Butterfly The Monarch Butterfly Will It Be an Endangered Species? The El Rosario Monarch Reserve More Monarch Butterflies Killed and Solutions The butterfly comes from the Lepidoptera, which is a Greek word meaning that the wings are covered in scales. Butterflies have compound eyes on either side of the head. The eyes are and made up of thousands of lensed-eyes called ommatidia. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beauty of the Monarch Butterfly or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are not able to see fine detail, but are able to detach if they have a predator.

How does Homer portray war in the Iliad Essays

How does Homer portray war in the Iliad Essays How does Homer portray war in the Iliad Paper How does Homer portray war in the Iliad Paper Essay Topic: Iliad Homer starts the Iliad by describing the result of Achilles anger; the anger of Peleus son Achilles and its devastation, which puts pains thousandfold upon the Achaians, hurled in their multitudes to the house of Hades. Homer is describing all the pain felt by the Achaians and the deaths, of thousands of men in the war. Homer appears to be portraying the war negatively (even if it is a result of Achilles anger), mentioning the pain and men going to the house of Hades in their thousands, which is all negative imagery. Homer then goes on to mention that these men gave their bodies to the delicate feasting of dogs, of all birds. This is a very negative portrayal of war, as Homer is saying in laymans terms, that when these men were killed, dogs and birds ate their corpses. This is not a glorious burial, which would usually be a more positive aspect of war (a glorious death and burial), and so paints a very morbid and perverse image of war. In book nine, we hear of the prizes Achilles will receive from Agamemnon should he return to fight for the Greeks. Prizes seem to be described as one of the main motivations for the warriors fighting (behind glory, even though the prizes represent their glory). Agamemnon promises Achilles he can choose for himself twenty of the Trojan women, who are the loveliest of all, after Helen of Argos in book nine for example. Homer is describing war in a positive aspect here; in effect he is saying if you are successful in war, you will be rewarded (be it with women or other materialistic possessions). Homer mentions prizes throughout the Iliad, another example is when you kill a warrior you obtain his armour. Throughout the Iliad we see how the Gods influence the war: For example in book one, we hear Zeus agree to Thetiss request that the Greeks should suffer in the absence of Achilles. So the gods control the war, not the men, which, although Homer doesnt explicitly allude to, is a negative portrayal of the war, as the men are fighting, and the gods are just playing with the men like toys to get back at one another, as if the war was just a game. So the outcome of the war is at the discretion of the gods, whether men live or die. For example during the aristeia of Diomedes (book 5 of the Iliad), when Diomedes encounters Ares, Pallas Athene rides beside Diomedes on a chariot she seized from Sthenelos. Ares hurls his bronze spear towards Diomedes, but Athene interferes, catches the spear and pushes it away from the car. Then Diomedes, with the assistance of Athene drives his bronze spear deep into the belly of Ares, who is consequently saved by Zeus. In book six, Homer describes Hectors farewell to his wife Andromache and his child; Achilles later kills Hector. This shows the war to be negative as it brings a sense of reality back to the Iliad. It reminds you of the families these men being slaughtered are leaving behind; it is demonstrating the negative result of war upon everybody. In book two, Homer describes the backgrounds of many of the warriors, which aid Homer in making the war appear more real Some more examples of Homer describing the dark nature of war are: In book seven a truce is called so both sides can bury their dead. In book ten, Dolon, a Trojan spy is deceived by Odysseus and Diomedes and killed without mercy. Throughout the Iliad Homer mentions and describes these things to remind you of the brutalities of war, amongst all the glory you could receive. He explicitly describes the deaths of people; the bronze spearpoint fixed in his forehead and drove inward through the bone; and a mist of darkness clouded both his eyes and he fell. (as people die darkness clouds their vision-darkness being negative) and injuries of people (Ares, book five) to achieve the same affect. There are a lot of positive things that Homer alludes to, such as the glory of an aristeia (Diomedes and Agamemnons), defeating a prestigious opponent and the prizes for succeeding at war (be it at the discretion of the Gods). But interspersed into the glorified battle are reminders of the true horrors war brings upon people: bodies being eaten by dogs, leaving families behind when killed and the brutal nature in which people were killed. Overall I feel that Homer portrays war in both a positive and negative fashion, highlighting the glories of battle, but also presenting the morbidity of war.

Marketing plan of Marks & Spencers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing plan of Marks & Spencers - Assignment Example The group's merchandise includes clothes, household goods and food sales, with their clothing line contributing half the revenues. It has also diversified into financial services that include accounts cards, pensions, loans, and life assurance and contributes about 5% of its total revenues. Marks and Spencer divides its operation as UK retail, International retail and financial services. The UK Retail division is its major chunk of the business and contributes the most to the turnover. It sells Women's wear, Men's wear, Lingerie, Children's wear, Beauty products, Household goods, and groceries. The International Retail business prevailed from Europe to North America to the Far East a well. The Financial services division offers personal insurance, personal loans and store cards. Until the late 1990's Marks & Spencer was largely successful and recorded highest profit growth in the years, 1997 and 1998. In 2000, Marks and Spencer launched lingerie outlets in Paris, Hamburg and Dusseldorf that met with considerable success. It is a leading seller of lingerie in the UK with a 20% market share. However, Marks and Spencer had a slump, plagued by external and internal problems. Marks and Spencer business model was to maintain UK sourcing for its products, ensuring a perceived high value for the customer. Consequently when competitive retailers sourced from low cost Asian suppliers, Marks & Spencer found its core business model a great liability and it had to succumb to the trend. Product quality deteriorated and customer dissatisfaction caused it to lose a lot of its base. It also was faring badly in the International arena, due to its lack of direct control on its franchises. At the same time, it also ignored employee feedback and was a bureaucratic company. This reflected it being unaware to changing trends and fell way behind on delivering the customer on their needs. In 2001, the company sold off loss making stores, decentralized operations and catered to customer preferences. It sourced from low cost suppliers but put it quality control measures. By 2003, Marks & Spencer rebounded and had recovered its financial health. Sales increased and the company had increased its market share. Although on its growth path again, the company has lost considerable market share. It needs a sound marketing plan, to scale the heights of its former glory. Source from website PEST Analysis Political: The political government is stable conditions are stable and there are no major legislations that affect the operational capabilities. Environmental concerns are increasing and these may bring legislations that may enforce stricter control that may affect the stores in the long term. Advent of other legislations like minimum wage changes, labelling, licensing etc. may affect operation in the long term. Economical: The European Union and the Euro may contribute to better purchasing power

Brain Injury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Brain Injury - Essay Example Such as, it may bring about memory loss, affects speed, duration and interpretation of the process of information involving sensory perception with existing knowledge. Also possible reaction time obstruction can lead to a decline in productivity or injury in some cases along with motor disability. All of this leads to concentration problems, irritation, understanding language, impulsiveness, seizures, headaches, unpredictable behaviour, skills detriment and difficulty in learning and carrying out daily activities. Diagnosing brain injury is a difficult process because injuries to the brain mostly go undetected. There are several reasons of this; neurological tests fail to detect cases of brain injury because these are not sensitive to detection equipment. Secondly, casual communication of doctors with patients may not show any indication of it. Even the patients themselves are not aware of symptoms and take them lightly if they are. On the other hand, close observation of such people may verify the differences in behaviour as alteration in one's temperament occurs to some extent. All this aids in determining the seriousness of the injury also the people closely related to the injured may comprehend behavioural changes instinctively. It is unknown how many patients acquire brain injury because several injured persons aren't hospitalized at all; in fact it has decreased2. The most common cause of brain injury is accidents involving vehicles which account for half of all brain injuries in America alone and child abuse in children. Although, aged people are more vulnerable to these injuries as of their tenuous brains but it effects young people the same way even if the injuries are not that serious. In addition, patients suffering from brain injury are most likely to have further injuries to their brains. Children especially the ones not in school yet are in the least danger of acquiring such an injury though they may suffer from one due to a serious fall. The troubles of rehabilitation are not only physical but also cognitive, psychological and behavioral that can cause long-term problems such as acute management, memory loss and social limitations. However, further advancement in technology makes it easier for the therapists and rehabilitation to make use of products especially designed for people with abilities3. Adaptations Treatments devised for the sufferers of brain injury are different for individuals of different ages like preschoolers, adolescents in school, employees and retired persons. For the benefit of all the patients, therapies determining the effects brain injury have on the performance of an individual are developed. Cognitive therapy involves understanding differences in before and after performance of the patient and focusing on changes in skills or reasoning. It happens often that patients face hard time expressing themselves and understanding others which is helped through speech therapy. Patients deal better if they are focused on developing skills and increasing productivity as they will pay less attention to their problems emotionally. While, psychological therapy aims to assist patients adapt better to the symptoms of brain injury such as acceptance of how they are now compared to prior injury. The psychological adaptations are important in daily activities, recreation and

Cineworld Group PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cineworld Group PLC - Essay Example Objective of the report The objective of this assessment is to highlight the relation between the performance and the corporate governance of the company. The company chosen for this assessment is Cineworld Group PLC. In 1995 Stephen Wiener founded Cineworld Group plc. Initially it was a private company but in the month of May in 1997 it became listed on the London Stock Exchange. It is the only listed cinema company in the UK. It consists of around 70% of the total UK box office market and owns 60% of the total number of screens in the United Kingdom (Cineworld Cinemas, 2012b). Critical evaluation of the corporate governance Cineworld Group PLC is a listed FTSE 250 company in London Stock Exchange. It follows the corporate governance code and conduct of United Kingdom for the companies below FTSE 350. The board of Cineworld Group PLC has eight members out of whom there are two Executive Directors and number of Non executive directors is six. Among the non executive directors five of them are independent and one non executive director works independently. There are three main committees namely remuneration nomination and audit. Each of this committee works in their respective fields. New committees are formed by the board to discuss some specific topics .The nomination committee helps in setting up the board. It evaluates the skill and experience of the board members and determines its size and composition. It also appoints and replaces directors whenever necessary. This committee also looks after the retirement of the board members. The three non executive directors are David Maloney, Thomas McGrath and Peter Williams. Thomas McGrath currently heads this committee. The general meeting of this committee is held twice a year. The committee for remuneration looks after the company’s policy that deals with the executive and personal remuneration and also with the remuneration of non executive directors and senior management who are below the Directors. The three non executive directors in this committee are Peter Williams, Martina King and David Maloney. Peter Williams is the chairman of this committee. The general meeting of this committee is held twice annually. The committee for auditing ensures the proper reporting of the financial statements of the company. It scrutinizes the financial statements and also reviews the internal and external audits. This committee helps in recruiting the external audits and looks after the proper functioning of the internal audits. It also reviews and finalizes the annual report. Peter Williams, David Maloney and Rick Senat form the audit committee. David Maloney is the Chairman of this committee. The general meeting of this committee is held twice annually. The main aim of the corporate governance board of Cineworld Group PLC is to abide by the UK corporate governance code. (Cineworld Cinemas, 2012c). Relation between performance and corporate governance Corporate governance is one of the key facto rs that ensure consistent growth of a company. Any company that aims for a steady increase in its profit and its shareholders wealth must have well functioning corporate governance policies. If we take a look at the financials of the Cineworld Group PLC and compare the year 2011 with the year 2010 we will see that this company has improved its financials significantly

Definitions and Overviews of Intellectual Disabilities

Definitions and Overviews of Intellectual Disabilities Outcome 1: Define Intellectual Disability TASK 1 1.1 Give 2 definitions of intellectual disability in accordance with a recognized source. Follow prescribed APA format when citing sources. Definition 1: Intellectual disability causes limitations in intellectual functioning as well as in adaptive behaviors that include many skills which is needed every day. The onset age is under 18. Source: FAQ on Intellectual Disability, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, retrieved from: http://aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition/faqs-on-intellectual-disability Definition 2: Intellectual disability is a term used for when people has certain limitations in functioning mentally and in skills such as communicating, performing activities of daily living, and in his or her social behavior. Children with this ability may develop their skills (walking, talking, etc) at a delayed time as compared to normal. They may also have trouble with learning- it usually takes them a longer time to learn new skills. Source: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities.(2005) Intellectual disability, retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/IntellectualDisability.pdf 1.2 Using a definition of intellectual disability give 2 explanations of how this impacts on the persons adaptive skills: People with intellectual disability experience impairment in their ability to comprehend information. As a result, they have a hard time with reading comprehension, handling money, dealing with numbers and time. Due to their impaired social functioning, they also find it hard to socially deal with others. They don’t recognize the laws of society and they have a limited ability to follow rules. Using a definition of intellectual disability give 2 explanations of how this impacts on the cognitive abilities: Reasoning People with an intellectual disability cannot reason like normal people. They lack the ability to explain why they do certain things or why certain things happen. This is due to their impaired intelligence. Learn and apply what is learnt- Intellectually disabled people have a hard time to gain new knowledge. It is difficult for them to process new information and understand new skills. Outcome 2: Describe the causes of intellectual disability TASK 2 2.1 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur before birth and describe two (2) main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Fragile X syndrome Source: National Fragile X Foundation. (1998-2014). Fragile X Syndrome, retrieved from: http://www.fragilex.org/fragile-x-associated-disorders/fragile-x-syndrome/ Main characteristics: Physical features of FXS patients include: large ears, long face, macroorchidism, infections in the ears, flat feet, high arched palate, fingers with double joints and hyper-flexible joints Behavioral characteristics for FXS patients may include the following: Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism and Autistic behaviors, social anxiety, hand-biting and or flapping, poor eye contact, sensory disorders and high risks for aggression. Example 2: Prader-Willi Syndrome Source: Suzanne B. Cassidy, MD. (2012). Parder-Willi Syndrome, Genetics in medicine, 14, p10 Main characteristics: People who have Prader-Willi Syndrome have severe hypotonia. Therefore their sucking is poor in their early infancy. They are characterized by excessive eating and not able to control eating. 2.2 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during or immediately following birth and describe 2 main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Trauma Source: Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp. (2010-2013). The Merck Manual, Home Health Handbook, retrieved from: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/childrens_health_issues/problems_in_newborns/birth_injury.html Main Characteristics: Head and brain injury. Swelling of the scalp and bruising may occur due to birth trauma. Bleeding between the periosteum and skull causes a haematoma, usually in the parietal region and sometimes the occipital region. Nerve Injury. Sometimes, when forceps used to assist delivery puts much pressure on the facial nerve, weakness on one side of the face results. This injury becomes evident when the newborn baby cries and the face appears to be asymmetric. Example2: Cerebral Palsy Source: Karen W. Krigger, M.D., M.ED., University of Louisville school of Medicine, Cerebral Palsy: An Overview, Kentucky Am Fam Physician. 2006 Jan 1; 73(1): 91-100, retrieved from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0101/p91.html Main Characteristics: Cerebral palsy is characterized by motor function impairment. It causes activity limitation. People with cerebral palsy exhibit cognitive and sensory impairments. 2.3 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during childhood years and describe the impact on the day-to-day support needs of the person. Example 1: Brain Tumor Source: PMC: US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. January 2008. â€Å"Caring for the Brain Tumor Patient: Family caregiver burden and unmet needs.†, retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600839/ Impact: Patients with brain tumor need various supports in their day to day lives. Psychosocial support is one of them. It is important for them to learn how to handle the stress of a chronic illness, as family members realize that their lives will be forever changed by the uncertainty that surrounds this diagnosis. It is therefore important for the support provider to make sure the patient and family understands the impact of this illness to them and provide them of ways on how to cope and possibly live a close to normal life. Also, for the caregivers, it is important that they are always prepared for the possibility of disease progression. Even though a patient is stable for a certain period of time, the caregiver will always feel the wear and tear of caring for this patient. Thus, it is important to make sure that caregivers are also taken cared of to ensure quality care. Example 2: Meningitis Source: Kelli de la Rocha (2014). Intellectual disability. NYU Langone medical center. retrieved from: http://pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we-treat/conditions/intellectual-disability# Impact: Children with intellectual disability caused by meningitis can’t learn skills and any knowledge as fast as other children with same age. So supporters need to wait for their achievement with patient. And also they need to be aware of the risk that the children experience seizure, and then they should be trained for coping with them suffering seizure. Outcome 3: Describe conditions frequently associated with intellectual disability. TASK 3 Condition 1: Cerebral Palsy Causes/s: Cerebral Palsy can be caused by having injury of brain before brain development is completed. Usually brain develops within 2 years after birth, so Cerebral Palsy can be occurred during prenatal or infant period. And birth complication can also cause this condition. But many cases get this condition from unknown causes before birth. Main characteristic 1: Cerebral Palsy is characterized by motor function impairment. It causes activity limitation. Main characteristic 2: People with Cerebral Palsy exhibit cognitive and sensory impairments. Physical support: People with Cerebral Palsy suffer from hypotonic and rigidity. So physical therapy is useful to support them physically. Effective physical therapy can help them to improve their muscle. Recent studies report that intensive exercise is effective. So support worker can make a schedule for resistive exercise four times per week. Social support: People with Cerebral Palsy can be easily isolated because of their handicaps. So support workers need to reduce barriers to participation in activities of school, work and society. To participate in activities, many devices are necessary. If the client can’t walk, using wheelchair could be helpful to go watching football games and cheer a team. Cognitive support: People with Cerebral Palsy can be normal intellectually, but they have difficulty in learning because of limitation of hearing, seeing, and movement. So for supporting them cognitively, support worker needs to help their study by give them enough time to understand and express or adjust knowledge. And support worker can provide some aids to improve their speech. Source/s: Karen W. Krigger, M.D., M.ED., University of Louisville school of Medicine, Cerebral Palsy: An Overview, Kentucky Am Fam Physician. 2006 Jan 1; 73(1): 91-100, retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0101/p91.html Condition 2: Prader-Willi Syndrome Causes/s: Prader-Willi Syndrome is caused by genetic abnormality. They have the chromosome number 15 without genetic information that normally people have from the father. It is thought to occur entirely by chance. Main characteristic 1: People with Prader-Willi Syndrome have severe hypotonia. So their sucking is poor in their early infancy. Main characteristic 2: Obesity is commonly caused. This is a result of an excessive appetite, a permanent feeling of hunger, and hyperphagia or overeating, and a low calorific requirement which is due to low energy expenditure levels. Physical support: People with Prader-Willi Syndrome can’t control their eating because they always feel hunger. Furthermore, they can easily become obesity that causes many complications. To prevent them from being obesity, support workers need to give exercise outside where they can’t find food easily. They need regular and continual exercise, so it is important to make a schedule with various and interesting exercise to them. Social support: They should strict supervision of daily food intake. Once overeating starts between ages 2 and 4 years, supervision will help to minimize food hoarding and stealing and prevent rapid weight gain and severe obesity. Parents should lock refrigerators and all cabinets containing food. No medications have proven beneficial in reducing food-seeking behavior. A well-balanced, low-calorie diet and regular exercise are essential and must be maintained for the rest of the individuals life. People with PWS rarely need more than 1,000 to 1,200 calories per day. Cognitive support: People with PWS have difficulty controlling their emotions. Using behavioral therapy can help. Stubbornness, anger, and obsessive-compulsive behavior, including obsession with food, should be handled with behavioral management programs using firm limit-setting strategies. Structure and routines also are advised Source: Andres Martin, M.D, 1998, Prader-Willi Syndrome, Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:1265-1273, retrieved from http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=173004 Condition 3: Autism Cause/s: The condition is the result of a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, affecting development of the persons communication and social interaction skills. Main Characteristic 1: Seizure disorders, including epilepsy, occur in as many as 39 percent of those with autism. It is more common in people with autism who also have intellectual disability than those without. Someone with autism may experience more than one type of seizure. Main Characteristic 2: Almost People with autism have unusual responses to sensory input. They have difficulty processing and integrating sensory information, or stimuli, such as sights, sounds smells, tastes and/or movement. They may experience seemingly ordinary stimuli as painful, unpleasant or confusing. Physical Support: Physical Therapy (PT) is focused on any problems with movement that cause functional limitations. Children with autism frequently have challenges with motor skills such as sitting, walking, running or jumping. PT can address poor muscle tone, balance and coordination. Social Support: Individuals with autism have a great deal of difficulty with social interactions. In recent years, social skills training, in both one-on-one and peer group settings, has become a very common treatment for facing this particular challenge. Social skills taught during training sessions range from simple skills like eye contact, to more difficult skills like inviting a peer for a play date. Studies have shown that this type of intervention program can significantly improve social competence and social skill development. Cognitive Support: Sensory Integration (SI) therapy is designed to identify disruptions in the way the individual’s brain processes movement, touch, smell, sight and sound, and help he or she process these senses in a more productive way. It is believed that SI does not teach higher-level skills, but rather enhances sensory processing abilities, allowing the child to be more available to acquire higher-level skills. Source: Autism Speaks Inc. 2014. â€Å"Autism Speaks†. Retrieved from: http://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism

Latino Youth and Politics :: essays research papers fc

We The Americans... As inhabitants of the United States and the world, we the young hispanics, latinos, and chicanos of America need to take a stand against those who would rule this country with disregard for our development as an appreciated and respected culture. Our parents have fought their whole lives to give us what we need to survive, but now is our time to fight. Even today, in our nation that is so focused on "equality" there is a silent prejudice that is tearing our country apart at the seams. As a country, we have made great strides toward learning to understand each other, but understanding is not enough. Our president George W. Bush and many others in power today are only doing what has to be done in order for us to maintain silence and keep working. Now, through education, political activism, youth leadership, and action, we will grow as a people. I fully believe that education is the key to the progression of our civil and human rights. Hispanics are a very intelligent people, now we must use the opportunities available to us to teach ourselves and our children how to be strong. According to the National Council of La Raza, the leading organization dedicated to the betterment of hispanic lives, "no issue is of greater concern to the latino community than the low educational status of its children." In today's schools, latinos are becoming a large minority in many schools due to the fact that "more than one third (35.7%) of Hispanics are under 18 years of age"(NCLR 9). Did you know that the "number one candidate to drop out of high school is latina girls"(NCLR 3). These are our mothers and daughters, the ones who teach and care for our children. How can we let our children be raised by uneducated women? Our children are learning in schools that are "overcrowded, underfunded, and ill-prep ared to provide rigorous academic instructional and intervention services"(NCLR 9). Since George W. Bush has basically shown in his budget proposal that he is not interested in helping latinos with their education, by this I mean he has not chosen to increase funding of any of the latino focused educational budget items, and he has even chosen to cut the funding of the number one college preparation program for low income areas GEAR-UP by 68 million dollars or 1/4 of their budget (White Paper 5).